What are some common symptoms of cholera?

Diarrhea and rice-water stools are hallmark symptoms of cholera, which is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The disease is characterized by the rapid loss of fluids and electrolytes due to excessive watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and, if untreated, can be life-threatening. The term "rice-water stools" refers to the characteristic appearance of the diarrhea, which resembles watery rice gruel and may contain flakes of mucus. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment, which typically involves rehydration and, in some cases, antibiotics.

In contrast to the correct answer, other symptoms listed, such as headache and fatigue, while they can occur with various illnesses, are not specific indicators of cholera. A skin rash and fever may be associated with other infections but are not typically seen in cholera cases. Joint pain and nausea also do not particularly align with the classic presentation of cholera. Therefore, focusing on diarrhea and the unique presentation of rice-water stools is essential for identifying this disease.