Which bio-terrorism category includes agents that require improved awareness and surveillance measures?

The correct category that includes agents requiring improved awareness and surveillance measures is indeed Category B. This category encompasses emerging infectious diseases and bio-agents that could cause significant morbidity and/or mortality, but are not as easily disseminated as Category A agents.

Category B agents typically require enhanced monitoring and public health response strategies due to their potential impact on health systems and the need for quick identification and containment to prevent wider outbreaks. These agents usually have a moderate potential for public health impact, which is why increased surveillance and public health preparedness are critical for these pathogens. Enhancing awareness among healthcare professionals and the public helps to ensure prompt reporting of cases and facilitates early intervention strategies.

In contrast, Category A agents, such as anthrax and smallpox, are those that pose the highest risk and are characterized by their easy transmission and the high fatality rates associated with them. Category C includes emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination in the future, but they are less of an immediate concern compared to the other two categories. Category D is not a standard classification as per current bio-terrorism categories. Thus, the designation of Category B reflects the need for vigilance and readiness to respond to potential bio-terrorism threats that fall within this group.