Which disease is associated with inadequate sanitation and hygiene conditions?

Cholera is a disease that is clearly associated with inadequate sanitation and hygiene conditions. It is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is often spread through contaminated water and food, particularly in areas where clean water and proper sanitation infrastructure are lacking. The transmission of cholera typically occurs in settings where there is poor hygiene, overcrowding, and limited access to safe drinking water.

The symptoms of cholera include severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Effective measures to control and prevent cholera outbreaks involve improving sanitation practices, ensuring access to clean water, and promoting good hygiene behaviors among the population. This highlights the critical importance of sanitation and hygiene in preventing cholera and similar waterborne diseases.

Other diseases mentioned, such as cardiovascular disease, HIV, and Alzheimer's disease, are not primarily linked to sanitation and hygiene but rather have different risk factors related to lifestyle, genetics, and social determinants of health.