Which of the following best defines hazardous waste?

The definition of hazardous waste is best captured by identifying materials that pose a risk to human health or the environment due to their intrinsic properties. In this case, materials that cause an increase in mortality or serious irreversible illness clearly fall under this definition. Hazardous waste typically contains substances that can be toxic, reactive, ignitable, or corrosive, and thus present a danger if not managed appropriately.

Other choices describe types of waste that are not hazardous. Waste that is easily recyclable and safe for disposal does not pose risks associated with hazardous materials. Similarly, the assertion that waste can be incinerated without any risk ignores the potential dangers associated with burning certain materials, which may produce harmful emissions. Lastly, biodegradable items are generally considered safe for the environment and do not fit the profile of hazardous waste. Therefore, the definition provided in the correct answer accurately reflects the critical characteristics of hazardous waste.